Composite fabric



Aug. 7, 1923. 1,464,155

P. T. JACKSON COMPOSITE FABRIC Filed Oct. 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 v Fly] P. T. JACKSON' COMPO SI'IE FABRIC Filed Oct. 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet "Int/e22 Patented Aug. 7,

UNITED-{STA ES JPATENT OFFICE...

PATRICK TRACY JACKSON, or CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR 'ro PAPER PRODUCTS MACHINE COMPANY, or BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

COMPOSITE FABRIC.

Application filed October 6, .1921. Serial. No. 505,881.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PATRICK TRACY JACK- soN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cambridge, county of Middlesex, and

State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Composite Fabrics, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on the drawings representing like arts.

The invention to be ereinafter described relates to paper fabrics, and more particularly to paper fabrics reinforced by strengthening filaments adhesively secured thereto. i

The increasing use of paper containers,

boxes, and covers for shipping or transortationpurposes has created a demand or a paper material which shall be relatively 2 vcheap and yet possess sufficient body or bulk to withstand the rough wear and handling incident to such use, and 'at the same time shall be strong in resistance to rupture or tearing, and sufliciently stiff and rigid to act 5 as a safe protection to the contained material by resistance to any ordinary crushing or indenting force. Covers, containers, boxes, and shipping cases arefrequently subjected to dampness or the effects of moisture, especially in wet weather. and a further demand has grown up for a material of the above;described characteristics which shall be water-resistant or waterproof, also.

- One of the objects of the present invention, responsive to the demand above-described, is to provide a composite reinforced paper fabric formed of layers of pa peli'material, secured together by an adhesive, preferably waterproof, and stiffened 40 by a stiffening compound applied thereto, the stiffened composite fabric thus furnishing the desired attributes for the manu-.

.facture of cases, containers, or boxes and like covers. 1

In carrying out the advantages of the invention, the'layersof paper material vr hieh compose the composite fabric are preferably formed of different thickness, the thicker layer of material being more especially utilized not only to provide the body or bulk for the composite material, but as an ab sorbent for a stiffening compound, whereby the thicker material, in addition to its bulk characteristics in assisting 'wear, is ren dered inherently stiff and unyielding to ordinary indenting or bending forces to which containers, covers, and packages are subjected during transportation or shipment- It may not always be necessary to provide the paper layer material of different thicknesses, provided one or more'layers of the composite fabric are sufficiently absorbent to take. up and retain a stiffening compound or material that will harden or stiffen on drying or cooling. In these cases, regardless of whether or not the thicknesses of the paper layers are the same or different, the rigidity and inflexibility given to-the composite fabric is largelydependent upon the application of the hardenin or stiffening compound; but in most cases it'is prefer able to use paper layer material of different thicknesses, in which case the thicker material may be made of strawboard, bogus, or other thick absorbent paper which will readily absorb and retain the stiffening com ound.

T e stiffening compound is preferably of a character that becomes hard and stiff, yet

not brittle, after having been applied in the fluid or liquid state, such for instance,-as silicate of soda, water-glass, or-other material or equivalent compound. f

' The relatively thin layer of paper' material is preferably formed of thin, strong paper which is pliable and .yieldingly flexible, such for' instance, as manila paper, and yet affords a substantial protective covering to the reinforcing filaments which are placed between the layers ofpaper.

The reinforcing filaments may be of a.

character to impart to the composite fabric the desired strengthto resist a-rupturing or tearing strain, and may be composed of reinforcmg elements which may extend longitudinally between the layers of paper and be imbedded' in the adhesive by which the two layers of paper are held together. Preferably, however, the reinforcing filaments are formed of unspun fibres which are especially adapted to provide the desired strength to the material without at the same time, detracting from its appearance by the forming of unsightly ridges and depressions in the surface of the composite fabric. In-som'e cases. it may. be desirable to provide the composite fabric with strengthening or reinforcing filaments runand a composite fabric of the character de- 4 scribed in the claims having such construction would be within the scope of the present invention.

The adhesive which secures the layers of paper together, and in which the reinforcing filaments are imb'edded, may preferably be formed of waterprof. substance, suchfor instance, as asphaltum.

The invention will best be understood from the following further detailed description'thereof inconnection with the accompanying drawings which show good, practical forms of the invention and one means for manufacturing the same.

In the drawings:

Figure 1. is a perspective view of a composite, reinforced and stiffened paper fabric embodying the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a modified form, wherein the reinforcing filaments extend both longitudinally and transversely;

' Fig. 3 is a perspective detail of a portion of the fabric of Fig. 1, with the paper layers and reinforcing filaments in sepa-' rated relation;

Fig. 4 is a corresponding view of the paper layer materials and the transverse and longitudinally-extending reinforcing filaments in separated relation;

Fig. 5 is a further modification of a' composite, reinforced fabric embodying the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a transverse section through the fabric of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a side elevation and part sec tional View of a machine for manufacturing the fabric of the present invention; and

Fig. 8 is a detailed plan view of a portion of the machine shown in Fig. 7.

Having reference more particularly to Figs. 1 and 3 of the accompanying'drawings: The composite fabric is composed of a relatively thick layer ofv paper material 1 which may be formed of. strawboard, cardboard, bogus, or other like paper material, and which is sufiiciently absorbent to take up and retain a stiffening compound. The

thick material 1, as indicatedin lfigs. 1 and 3 by the lines 2 extending inwardly from one surface of a paper layer, is treated on its exposed surfacewith a hardening solution or compound which may be silicate of soda, water-glass, or other hardening and stiffening material. The effect of the stiffening compound applied to the absorbent layer of paper 1 is to impart to the composite fabric, hereinafter more fully described, capacity for resisting ordinary bending and deflecting strains, and such stiffening material or compound converts the thick layer of paper into a paper plank or board, especially suitable for making containers, boxes, and other packages for shipment or transportation purposes. Or-

absorbent quality of the th1ck layer of paper.

dhesively secured to the stiffened or inner surface of the thick paper layer, as indicated in Fig. 1, is a flexible or pliant thinner layer of paper 3. The two layers of paper in the form-of the invention shown in Fig. 1, are secured together by an adhesive 4 indicated in black in Fig. 1, and such material is preferably of awaterproof character, such as asphaltum.

Imbedded in the asphaltum or adhesive between the paper layers 1 and 3, Fig. 1, are the reinforcing filaments 5 which are "indicated in Fig. l as unspun fibres extending in substantially parallel relation longitudinal- 1y of the composite fabric.

The relatively thick layer of absorbent material land the relatively thin layer 3 withlthe asphaltum and imbedded fibres be-' tween, are ordinarily pressed together with sufficient force to permanently unite the layers into a homogeneous fabric.-

In Fig. 2, the two layers 1 and3 of paper material, have imbedded between them the unspun reinforcing fibres laid both in a longitudinal and transverse direction, which are imbedded in the waterproof asphaltum 4, shown in black in Fi 2. In this form of the invention, as in ig. l, the;,exterior surface of the thick strawboard or the like 1, is impregnated with the stiffening compound. f Fig. 3, which shows the paper layer of Fig. 1 in separated relation, indicates clearly the general parallel relation of the longitudinally-extending filaments which are unspun fibres in the present instance, and shows also that the adhesive or asphaltum by which the layers of paper material are held together, extends over the inner surface of the thick paper layer 1, the opposite surface of which is stiffened by the application of a stiffening compound.

In Fig. 4, the fabric is substantially the same-as indicated in Figs. 1 and 3, with the exception that the transversely-extending reinforcing filaments or fibres 6 are held in the adhesive compound between the layers of fabric.

While each of the fabrics shown in Figs.

..1 and 2 present the broad features of the present invention wherein a reinforced material, adhesively heldtogether face-toface with the reinforcing filaments imbedded in the adhesive material and, the composite fabric stiffened by the application of the stiffening compound, the invention is further exemplified in F igs. 5 and 6, wherein the thick paper layer 1' is provided with the stiffening compound 2 on. one surface the same-as in Figs. -1 and 2, and has applied to its. other surface a lurality of layers of thin or pliant paper. 11 the form of the invention shown by Figs. 5 and 6, the two thin layers of paper 9 and .10 are provided with both longitudinally and transversely-extend- "plied to the thick paper layer 1.

ing fibres l1 and 12, and the two layers 9 and 10 are adhesively secured together preferably by asphaltum; and the composite reinforcing filaments between, is adhesively secured to' the surface of the thick paper 1 by an adhesive compound.

In some aspects of the invention the construction shown by Figs. and 6 presents advantages over the construction shown by such as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, wherein the composite paper material formed of layers 9 and 10 with the filaments between the layers and held together by asphaltum, may be supplied to the machine from a roll 13 supported by a suitable framework 14; and the thick paper'layer 1 may be correspondingly supplied independently to the machine from a separate source of'supply. The source of supply for the thick paper material 1 is shown in the present instance as a roll 15 of such material.

From the roll 13 the paper layers 9"; and 10 are carriedover a guide roll 16 between the rolls 17 and 18, the lower roll 17 of which dips into an asphaltum tank '19. The roll 18 may be adjusted toward and from the roll 17 .by an adjusting screwjand handwheel 20.

As the composite paper strip described passes between the rolls 17 and 18, its under surface is supplied with a coating of asphal tum, preferably hot, and from the rolls.17

and 18 the paper strip passes between the rolls .21 and 22, one of which may be a calender roll for the purposes-of maintaining the asphalt-um in a liquid or heated condition.

Heat may be supplied to the upper roll 22 through a supply pipe 23 and the roll may be adjusted toward and from the lower roll by the handwheel 24.. The thick paper layer 1 passes from the roll 15 in the present instance between the rolls 21 and 22, where the composite paper strips 9 and 10 are adhesively secured to the thicker layer 1 as indicated in Fig. 7. The composite layers 9 and 10 and the thicker layer 1 now held together by the adhesive or asphaltum t-herebetween,

pass to the rolls 25 and 26, the lower roll of which dips into a tank27 containing a stiffening'compound such, for instance, as silicate of soda, waterglass, and the like, whereby as the composite fabric travels between the rolls, the under surface of the thick paper layer 1, becomes impregnated or saturated with the stiffening compound.

The now impregnated composite fabric may be delivered to any receiving station, where it may be either wound upon a roll or In the form of the machine indicated in cut up into lengths and piled, layer upon fabric formed by layers 9 and 10 with the layer.

Fig. 7, the completed composite reinforced and stiffened paper fabric is cut into strips- 30 by the cutters 28, 29, and thereafter cut into lengths by a cutter 31 cooperating w th an under roll 32.

The cut pieces ofoaper fabric then pass to a conveyor 33 and are delivered over the end thereof, as indicated in Fig. 1, where the advancing end of each cut strip contacts with a turning device 3-1 which serves to turn the 'cut pieces with the surface on which the stiffening compound has been deposited, uppermost. The cut pieces thus turned as 1nd1- cated in dotted lines, Fig. 1, then pass to the receptacle 35.

What is claimed is:

1.- As an article of manufacture, a composite reinforced and stiffened paper fabric,

comprising layers. of paper material adhesively secured together face-to-face, one of said layers of paper material being relatively more absorbent than'the others and impregnated with a stlfi'emng compound and reinforcing. filaments imbedded in the adhesive between two of the paper layers.

'2. As an article of manufacture, a composite reinforced paper fabric, compnsmg in its construction a thick layer of absorbent paper material impregnated with a stifl'ening compound, a thinner paper layer secured face to face to the thick paper layer by an adhesive, and reinforcing filaments 1mbedded in the adhesive between the layers.

3. As an article of manufacture, a composite reinforced and stifi'ened paper fabric, comprising layers of pa er material, one of which is impregnated with a stiffening compound, a waterproof adhesive between the paper layers, and reinforclng filaments 1mbedded in the waterproof adhesive between two of the paper layers 4. As an article of manufacture, a composite reinforced and stiffened paper fabric,

comprising layers of paper material, one of in the waterproof adhesive between two of.

the paper layers.

5. As an article of manufacture, a composite reinforced and stiffened paper fabric,

comprising a layer of thick absorbent paper material, which is stiffened by im regnation with a stiffening compound, a ayer of thin paperv material, a waterproof adhesive between the paper layers, and reinforcing filaments imbedded in the waterproof material between the two layers.

'6.- As an article of manufacture, a com posite reinforced paper fabric, comprising 10 a layeroof relatively thick and absorbent paper material, a layer of. thinner paper material secured to one surface of the thicker paper material by waterproof. as-

In testimony whereof, I have signed my 1 name to this specification. v

PATRICK TRACY JACKSON. 

